- Oldest Known Mineral Grain on Earth
Jack Hills 4.404-billion-year zircon · about 4404000000 years · Jack Hills, Western Australia, Australia
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- World's Fastest Diving Bird
Peregrine Falcon · about 320 km/h
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- World's largest ice shelf
Ross Ice Shelf · about 487000 km² · Ross Sea coast, Antarctica
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- World's Largest Individual Flower
Rafflesia arnoldi · up to 1 m · Sumatra, Indonesia (part of the native range)
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- World's Largest National Park by Area
Northeast Greenland National Park · 972000 km² · Northeast Greenland
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- World's Largest Volcanic Crater Lake
Lake Toba · 1100 km² · Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia
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- World's Largest Contiguous Mangrove Forest
Sundarbans Mangrove Forest · about 10000 km² · Southwestern Bangladesh and West Bengal, India
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- World's Largest River Delta by Area
Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta · more than 100000 km² · Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, along the Bay of Bengal
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- World's Largest Island in a Freshwater Lake
Manitoulin Island · 2766 km² · Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron, Ontario, Canada
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- World's Largest Freshwater Lake by Water Volume
Lake Baikal · about 23000 km³ · Lake Baikal, southeastern Siberia, Russia
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- World's Largest Hot Desert by Area
Sahara Desert · about 9.1 million km² · North Africa, spanning multiple countries and territories
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- World's Largest Living Animal
Blue whale · about 150 metric tons · Global oceans
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- World's Largest Living Fish
Whale shark · about 20 m
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- World's Largest Living Land Animal
African savanna elephant · about 7 tonnes
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- World's Largest Living Reptile
Saltwater crocodile · over 1000 kg
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- World's Largest Living Bird
Common ostrich · about 136 kg
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- World's Longest Continental Mountain Range
Andes · 7,600 km · Western South America, from Venezuela to Chile and Argentina
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- World's Largest Bay by Area
Bay of Bengal · 2,172,000 km² · Northeastern Indian Ocean, bordered by India, Bangladesh and Myanmar
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- World's Largest Ocean by Surface Area
Pacific Ocean · more than 155 million km² · Pacific Ocean
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- World's Largest Peninsula by Area
Arabian Peninsula · about 3.25 million km² · Arabian Peninsula, southwestern Asia
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- World's Tallest Active Geyser
Steamboat Geyser · over 91 m · Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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- World's Largest Ice Sheet by Area
Antarctic Ice Sheet · about 13.924 million km² · Antarctica
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- Longest Glacier–Ice Shelf Flow System
Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system · about 1,470 km · Lambert Glacier and Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
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- River with the Greatest Average Discharge
Amazon River · about 200,000 m³/s · Amazon basin, South America; Atlantic mouth in Brazil
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- Driest Weather-Observation Location by Mean Annual Rainfall
Quillagua meteorological station area · about 0.5 mm/year · Quillagua, Atacama Desert, Chile
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- Greatest Vertical Drop of an Underwater Waterfall
Denmark Strait cataract · over 3,500 m · Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland
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- Strongest Laboratory-Measured Bite Force of a Living Animal
Saltwater crocodile · 16,414 N
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- Largest Seed of Any Plant
Coco-de-mer · up to 50 cm
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- Hottest Chilli Pepper Variety
Pepper X chilli pepper · 2,693,000 SHU
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- Largest Karst Tiankeng by Volume
Xiaozhai Tiankeng · about 119,300,000 m³ · Fengjie County, Chongqing, China
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- Highest Sea Cliffs
Molokai Sea Cliffs · about 1,010 m · North Coast of Molokai, Hawaii, USA
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- Largest Submarine Canyon by Excavated Volume
Zhemchug Canyon · at least 5,800 km³ · Bering Sea continental slope, North Pacific
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- Longest Lava Tube Cave
Kazumura Cave · about 65.5 km · East flank of Kilauea Volcano, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA
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- Longest Fault in California
San Andreas Fault · about 1,200 km · California, USA
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- Largest Sea Cave by Volume
Riko Riko Cave · about 221,494 m³ · Poor Knights Islands, Northland, New Zealand
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- Highest Animal Jump Relative to Body Length
Philaenus spumarius · about 115 body lengths · University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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- Most Venomous Marine Animal
Australian box jellyfish · most venomous (NOAA assessment)
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- Most Toxic Terrestrial Snake Venom
Inland taipan · 0.025 mg/kg · Australia (native range; test location not confirmed)
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- Fastest Flying Insect by Short-Burst Airspeed
Austrophlebia costalis · about 58 km/h
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- Longest Insect Including Fully Extended Legs
Zhao's giant stick insect · 64.0 cm · Insect Museum of West China, Chengdu, China
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- Heaviest Spider
Goliath birdeater · about 175 g
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- Smallest Living Mammal by Body Mass
Etruscan shrew · about 1.8 g
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- World's Widest Waterfall
Khone Falls · 10,783 m · Champasak, Laos
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- World's Smallest Sea
Sea of Marmara · about 11,350 km² · Türkiye
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- World's Smallest Bird
Bee hummingbird · about 1.6 g · Cuba
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- Smallest Freshwater Fish by Mature Body Length
Paedocypris progenetica · 7.9 mm
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- Most Saline Natural Water Body
Gaet'ale Pond · 43.3 % · Danakil Depression, Ethiopia
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- Wettest Place by Mean Annual Rainfall
Mawsynram · 11873 mm/year · Meghalaya, India
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- Deepest Unbroken Natural Vertical Shaft
Vrtoglavica · 603 (Guinness figure) m · Mount Kanin, Slovenia
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- Smallest Mammal by Head–Body Length
Kitti's hog-nosed bat · 29 (lower bound) mm
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